ABSTRACT Root growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) is an important process in determining grain yield. The effects of combined fulvic acid (FA, potassium humate as FA source) and super absorbent polymer (SAP) uses on maize root growth and yield were studied. A 2×3 factorial field experiment was applied by combining two SAP doses (0, 45 kg ha-1) and three FA rates (0, 1, and 2 g L-1) over 2 yr. Super absorbent polymer was applied to upper 20 cm soil layer at sowing, and FA solutions (1 or 2 g L-1, corresponding to FA1 and FA2) were sprayed onto the canopy three times during growing season. Root parameters, including root biomass, root length density (RLD), root surface-area density (RSD), and root diameter, were determined in the top 40 cm soil layer. Relative to control plants, both chemicals significantly increased root biomass, but these effects were not significantly different from their combined use. Compared to individual FA or SAP treatment, combined applications increased RLD and RSD in 0-20 cm depth. The combined SAP and FA2 improved RLD at 0-10 cm by 32% compared to FA2 treatment alone and by 82% compared to non-chemicals control plots over 2 yr. Averaged root diameters also significantly increased in the 40 cm soil layer in FA and SAP treatments alone compared to control, but they were not significantly different with the combined treatment. Similar patterns were found for maize yield each year. The combined application of SAP (45 kg ha-1) and FA2 (2 g L-1) greatly increased root length density and biomass than their individual application, and it could be suitable for high production of maize grown under low rainfall conditions.

RESUMO Introdução O salto em distância horizontal consiste em quatro partes: corrida de aproximação, impulsão, voo e queda. Objetivo Estudar a influência da ginástica no salto em distância horizontal. Métodos Oito jardins de infância em uma cidade foram selecionados e divididos em um grupo experimental e um grupo de controle. As crianças do grupo experimental atuaram nos módulos de ginástica e de condicionamento físico. Cada módulo foi submetido a um ciclo contínuo de atividades ao ar livre de manhã e à tarde de atividades infantis, de 1º de junho de 2021 a 31 de março de 2010, por um total de 9 meses. Resultados Durante o período de intervenção, não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle (P > 0,05), mas houve diferença significativa entre o grupo experimental e as meninas antes e depois da intervenção experimental (P < 0,05), enquanto a diferença entre os meninos não foi estatisticamente significativa, indicando que a amplitude do movimento do tornozelo das meninas foi ligeiramente mais afetada do que a dos meninos durante a intervenção de condicionamento físico. Conclusão Com o aumento da idade e do tempo de treinamento, a faixa de variação do ângulo de articulação das crianças mais velhas no grupo experimental foi significativamente maior do que a do grupo de controle. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction The standing long jump consists of four parts: pre-swing, take-off, flying, and landing. Objective Analyze the influence of gymnastics game fitness on standing long jump. Methods Eight kindergartens in a city were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The children in the experimental group were intervened in gymnastics and game fitness modules. Each module was intervened in a rolling cycle in the morning and afternoon outdoor activities of children from June 1, 2021, to March 31, 2010, for nine months. Results During the intervention period, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05), but there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the girls before and after the experimental intervention (P < 0.05), while the difference between boys was not statistically significant, indicating that the range of ankle movement of girls was slightly more affected than boys during the fitness intervention. Conclusion With the increase in age and training time, the change range of joint angles of older children in the experimental group is significantly higher than that in the control group. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción El salto de longitud horizontal consta de cuatro partes: carrera de aproximación, impulsión, vuelo y caída. Objetivo Analizar la influencia de la gimnasia en el salto de longitud de pie. Métodos Se seleccionaron ocho guarderías de una ciudad y se dividieron en un grupo experimental y otro de control. Los niños del grupo experimental realizaron módulos de gimnasia y fitness. Cada módulo intervino en un ciclo continuo de actividades al aire libre por la mañana y por la tarde desde el 1 de junio de 2021 hasta el 31 de marzo de 2010, durante nueve meses. Resultados Durante el período de intervención, no hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control (P > 0,05), pero sí entre el grupo experimental y las chicas antes y después de la intervención experimental (P < 0,05), mientras que la diferencia entre los chicos no fue estadísticamente significativa, lo que indica que la amplitud de movimiento del tobillo de las chicas se vio ligeramente más afectada que la de los chicos durante la intervención de acondicionamiento físico. Conclusión Al aumentar la edad y el tiempo de entrenamiento, el rango de variación de los ángulos articulares de los niños mayores del grupo experimental es significativamente mayor que el del grupo de control. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract In China, Scutellaria is used for treating inflammatory-related diseases. Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria and has protective effects on acute pancreatitis. However, the mechanism of Baicalin is still unclear. In this study, the protective effects of baicalin on acute pancreatitis induced by taurocholate and its mechanism are investigated. In this study, mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, model, and treatment groups. Acute pancreatitis in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of taurocholate (35 mg/kg). The treatment group was given baicalin (100 mg/kg) 2 h before acute pancreatitis induction. The mRNA expression levels of miR-429, nuclear factor kappa B65(NF-kB65), toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), TNF receptor associated factor6 (TRAF6), NF-kappa-B inhibitor(IkB), Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) in the liver tissues 24 h after intraperitoneal injection were detected by RT-PCR. Then, the expression levels of NF-kB65, p-NF-κB65, TLR4, TRAF6, IkB, FSTL1, IRAK, p- IRAK, and p- IkB-а proteins were detected by Western blot. IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1 β in plasma were measured by ELISA, and histopathological changes in the pancreases of the mice were observed. The results showed that after baicalin treatment, miR-429 expression in the pancreatic tissues and the expression levels of NF-kB65, TLR4, TRAF6, p-IkB-а, FSTL1, and p-IRAK decreased. Similarly, pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-а, IL-12, IL-1β1, endotoxin, serum amylase, and lipase were reduced. Thus, the pancreatic injury induced by taurocholate was alleviated. The present study indicates that pretreatment with Baicalin can alleviate acute pancreatic injury induced by taurocholate in mice. The mechanism may be associated with the decreased miR-429 expression, reduced FSTL1 signaling pathway activity, TLR4 and TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway inhibition, and reduced pancreatic inflammation. FSTL1 is the regulatory target for miR-429.

ABSTRACT Sarcopenia, a concept reflecting the loss of skeletal muscle mass, was reported to be associated with the prognosis of several tumors. However, the prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with renal cancer remains unclear. We carried out this metaanalysis and systematic review to evaluate the prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with renal cell carcinomas. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled together. A total of 5 studies consisting of 771 patients were enrolled in this quantitative analysis, 347 (45.0%) of which had sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had a worse OS compared with those without sarcopenia (HR=1.76; 95%CI, 1.35-2.31; P <0.001). In the subgroup of patients with localized and advanced/metastatic diseases, sarcopenia was also associated with poor OS (HR=1.48, P=0.039; HR=2.14, P <0.001; respectively). With a limited sample size, we did not observe difference of PFS between two groups (HR=1.56, 95% CI, 0.69-3.50, P=0.282). In the present meta-analysis, we observed that patients with sarcopenia had a worse OS compared with those without sarcopenia in RCC. Larger, preferably prospective studies, are needed to confirm and update our findings.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Sabe-se que RNAs longos não codificantes (lncRNAs) desempenham um papel crítico na progressão tumoral. A expressão anormal do RNA 1 anti-senso LncRNA PTPRG (PTPRG-AS1) já foi relatada em diversos tumores. Assim, buscamos determinar a expressão e significância clínica do PTPRG-AS1 em pacientes com câncer de ovário epitelial (COE). METODOLOGIA As expressões do PTPRG-AS1 foram avaliadas em 184 pares de amostras tumorais de COE e tecidos normais adjacentes. Os níveis de lncRNAs e GAPDH alvo foram examinados usando o método padrão de SYBR Green. As relações entre as expressões do PTPRG-AS1 e as características clínico-patológicas foram analisadas através do teste qui-quadrado. Uma análise multivariada utilizando o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi realizada para avaliar o valor prognóstico do PTPRG-AS1 em pacientes com COE. RESULTADOS Constatou-se que as expressões do PTPRG-AS1 foram nitidamente maiores nos tecidos de COE em relação aos espécimes adjacentes não tumorosos (p<0,01). Níveis mais elevados do PTPRG-AS1 em pacientes com COE foram associados a um estágio avançado de FIGO (p = 0,005), grau (p = 0,006) e metástases à distância (p = 0,005). As análises de sobrevida revelaram que pacientes com expressões elevadas do PTPRG-AS1 tiveram uma diminuição significativa da sobrevida global (p = 0,0029) e da sobrevida livre de doença (p = 0,0009) em relação àqueles com baixas expressões do PTPRG-AS1. As análises multivariadas indicaram que a expressão do PTPRG-AS1 foi um fator de prognóstico independente tanto para a sobrevida global quanto para a sobrevida livre de doença em pacientes com EOC (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO Nosso estudo sugere que o PTPRG-AS1 pode ser um novo biomarcador prognóstico para pacientes com COE.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a critical role in tumor progression. Abnormal expression of LncRNA PTPRG antisense RNA 1 (PTPRG-AS1) has been reported in several tumors. Hence, we aimed to determine the expression and clinical significance of PTPRG-AS1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. METHODS The expressions of PTPRG-AS1 were assessed in 184 pairs of EOC tumor specimens and adjacent normal tissues. The levels of target lncRNAs and GAPDH were examined using standard SYBR-Green methods. The relationships between the expressions of PTPRG-AS1 and the clinicopathological features were analyzed using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed to assess the prognostic value of PTPRG-AS1 in EOC patients. RESULTS We confirmed that the expressions of PTPRG-AS1 were distinctly higher in the EOC tissue compared with the adjacent non-tumor specimens (p < 0.01). Higher levels of PTPRG-AS1 in EOC patients were associated with advanced FIGO stage (p = 0.005), grade (p = 0.006), and distant metastasis (p = 0.005). Survival analyses revealed that patients with high expressions of PTPRG-AS1 had a distinctly decreased overall survival (p = 0.0029) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0009) compared with those with low expressions of PTPRG-AS1. Multivariate assays indicated that PTPRG-AS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival in EOC (Both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PTPRG-AS1 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for EOC patients.

ABSTRACT Fulvic acid (FA) and superabsorbent polymer (SAP) are widely applied to improve crop growth and yield under water deficit conditions, but little is known about the changes in crop physiological parameters related to water deficit tolerance when SAP and FA are combined. A pot test with maize (Zea mays L.) plants was conducted to examine the combined effect on photosynthesis, leaf water, proline, and growth under soil water deficit. Maize plants were subjected to two soil moisture conditions at the late crop growth phase: water deficit (WD, 50% field capacity) and well-watered (WW, 80% field capacity). The SAP (4.5 g m-2) was mixed into the soil layer at sowing and the FA solution (2 g L-1) was sprayed twice during water control. The combined application significantly improved maize grain yield under both watering conditions. The net photosynthesis rate, intrinsic quantum yield, fluorescent parameter (Fv/Fm), and chlorophyll content all improved with the combined application under both watering regimes. The compensating effect of combining chemicals on yield and photosynthesis parameters was higher than when applied alone under the two watering conditions. For prolonged and WD conditions, leaf proline and water content were higher under the combined treatment than when used separately. Under the WD conditions treated with FA and SAP, Fv/Fm had positive significant correlations with leaf water content and osmotic potential; leaf proline did not show any correlations with either the osmotic potential or leaf water content. This result demonstrated that SAP and FA could be combined to maintain high leaf proline and improve photosynthesis to mitigate adverse effects of moderate water storage on maize growth

Abstract Purpose To explore the potential role and unclear molecular mechanisms of vaccarin in wound healing. Methods Rats’ skin excision model to study the effects of vaccarin on wound healing in vivo . Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate Histopathologic characteristics. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the effects of vaccarin in accelerating angiogenesis. Western blot was used to evaluate relative protein expressed levels. Results Vaccarin could significantly promote wound healing and endothelial cells and fibroblasts proliferation in the wound site. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot studies showed that the nodal proteins and receptor (bFGFR) related to angiogenesis signaling pathway were activated, and the microvascular density in the wound site was markedly higher than that in the control group. Conclusions The present study was the first to demonstrate that vaccarin is able to induce angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing in vivo by increasing expressions of p-Akt, p-Erk and p-bFGFR. This process is mediated by MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the toxicity of Erbitux as well as its biosimilar APZ001 antibody (APZ001) in pre-clinical animal models including mice, rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys. Methods: We performed analysis of normal behavior activity, autonomic and non-autonomic nervous functions, nervous-muscle functions, nervous excitability and sensorimotor functions on CD-1 mice. Subsequently, we studied that effects of APZ001 and Erbitux on respiratory system, cardiovascular system and kidney in Cynomolgus monkey models and performed local tolerance experiments on New Zealand rabbits. Results: The comparisons between APZ001 and Erbitux showed no significant differences in mice autonomic nervous system, nervous muscle functions, non-autonomic nervous functions, nervous excitability and sensorimotor functions between treated and untreated group (p>0.05). APZ001 and Erbitux showed negative effect on CD-1 mice in the present of pentobarbital sodium anesthesia (p>0.05). Single administrations of high, medium or low doses of APZ001 did not lead to monkey urine volume alterations (p>0.05). In human tissues, APZ001 and Erbitux showed positive signals in endocardium, lung type II alveolar epithelial cell and surrounding vessels, but showed negative results in kidney and liver tissues. No hemolysis phenomenon and serious side-effects in vessels and muscles were observed in rabbits when administrated with APZ001 and Erbitux respectively. Conclusion: The safety comparisons between APZ001 antibody and Erbitux showed that these two antibodies showed highly similarities in mice, rabbits and cynomolgus monkey animal models in consideration of pharmaceutical effects, indicating APZ001 might be a suitable substitute for Erbitux.

The microstructure and defects of CuO nanoparticles under isochronal annealing were investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD and SEM results indicated that the average grain sizes of CuO nanoparticles grew slowly below 800 °C, and then increased rapidly with the annealing temperature from 800 to 1000 °C. Positron lifetime analysis exhibited that positrons were mainly annihilated in mono-vacancies (VCu , VO) and vacancy clusters when annealing from 200 to 800 °C. Furthermore,W-S plot of Doppler broadening spectra at different annealing temperatures found that the (W,S) points distributed on two different defect species, which suggested that V Cu − − V O + complexes were produced when the grains grew to bigger size after annealing above 800 °C, and positrons might annihilate at these complexes.

By reaction of 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde with 3-chlorobenzohydrazide and 3-methylbenzohydrazide, respectively, two structurally similar hydrazone compounds, 3-chloro-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (1) and N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylbenzohydrazide (2), were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared and UV-vis spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2/n, with unit cell dimensions a = 5.8872(8) Å, b = 31.649(2) Å, c = 7.6309(9) Å, β = 94.427(2)°, V = 1417.6(3) ų, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0462, wR2 = 0.1053. The crystal of 2 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbca, with unit cell dimensions a = 10.415(1) Å, b = 9.781(1) Å, c = 29.548(2) Å, V = 3010.2(5) ų, Z = 8, R1 = 0.0519, wR2 = 0.1577. The compounds were assayed for antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) activities by MTT method.

Schiff base ligands 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol (BCP) and 2,4-dibromo-6-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol (DBP) and their nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes [Ni(BCP)2(CH3OH)2]2NO3 (1) and [Cu(DBP)2] (2), have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and single crystal X-ray crystallographic determination. The crystal of (1) is orthorhombic: space group Pbcn, a = 23.894(1), b = 8.244(2), c = 19.900(2) Å, V = 3919.9(10) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal of (2) is monoclinic: space group P2(1)/c, a = 7.072(2), b = 15.426(3), c = 14.214(3) Å, β = 96.718(2)°, V = 1540.0(7) Å3, Z = 2. The Schiff bases coordinate to the metal atoms through the phenolate O and imine N atoms. The Ni atom in (1) is in an octahedral coordination, and the Cu atom in (2) is in a square planar coordination.

A pair of new dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes, [MoO2L¹(MeOH)HMoO2L¹(EtOH)] (1) and [MoO2L²(MeOH)HMoO2L²(EtOH)] (2), where L¹ and L² are the dianionic forms of N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzohydrazide and N'-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzohydrazide, respectively, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra, and single crystal X-ray determination. The crystal of (1) is triclinic: space group P-1, a = 8.106(2), b = 13.412(3), c = 18.045(3) Å, α = 83.634(2), β = 84.809(2), γ = 87.746(2)°, V = 1941.0(7) ų, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0382, wR2 = 0.0919. The crystal of (2) is triclinic: space group P-1, a = 7.350(2), b = 11.292(3), c = 24.914(3) Å, α = 85.213(2), β = 82.411(2), γ = 71.012(2)°, V = 1936.1(7) ų, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0425, wR2 = 0.0877. The Mo atoms in the complexes are coordinated by one phenolate O, one imine N and one enolic O atoms of the benzohydrazone ligand, two oxo O atoms, and one solvate O atom, forming octahedral coordination. In the crystal structures, adjacent two complex molecules are linked by methanol and ethanol ligands through intermolecular O-H-O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers. The catalytic property of sulfoxidation for the complexes was studied.